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There seems a new ray of hope for patients with vitiligo and burns as scientists have extracted stem cells from human hair follicles and skin for treatment of these medical conditions.
The research was carried out at Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) under the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology.
For the research, tissue samples were collected from patients after taking their written informed consent.
Hair and skin tissues were collected from the patients undergoing surgical treatment for vitiligo at AIIMS in the national capital. Five sample of each skin and hair follicle were collected.
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Stem cells have the ability to go through numerous cycles of cell division while maintaining the undifferentiated state. They also have the capacity to differentiate into specialized cell types.
The ability of stem cells to self-renew and give rise to subsequent generations with variable degrees of differentiation capacities, offers significant potential for generation of tissues that can potentially replace diseased and damaged areas in the body, with minimal risk of rejection and side effects.
"Skin is an established tissue source for cell based therapy, now the hair follicle has also been proved as a tissue source for cell based therapy.
The ease of tissue harvest and multipotent nature of the stem cells in skin and hair follicle has promoted basic and clinical research in this area," said Dr. Sujata Mohanty, in charge, stem cell facility at AIIMS.
"Epidermal tissues of hair and skin are an abundant source of multipotent stem cells. Hair follicle and skin tissue, apart from the bone marrow, are perhaps the only tissues, which have got the niche for diverse kind of stem cells called as melanocyte stem cells, keratinocyte stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells," said Dr. Mohanty.
The skin largely contains the keratinocyte stem cells, in the basal layer. Doctors said that the stem cells can be maintained in culture for a longer period of time compared to other cell types.
"The skin stem cells can be preserved in clinical set up for a long period of time. And these can be used in the medical management of vitiligo, burn and other skin pigment related disorders.
Interestingly, the hair follicle stem cells can also be used for cell based clinical needs. The condition is a patchy loss of skin pigmentation caused by the destruction of the pigment-producing cells called melanocytes," said Dr. Mohanty.
Stem cells from skin can also be used for treating burn patients. According to World Health Organization (WHO), In India, over 10,00,000 people are moderately or severely burnt every year.
The government's plan of establishing skin banks across the country is underway; however, Safdurjung's existing skin bank has not received even a single skin donation in past four years.
"Owing to unawareness and religious issues, there is an overall dearth of organ donation and skin donation is barely known by people.
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Stem cells have vast potential in the management of degenerative diseases. The stem cell research combined with tissue engineering will further boost the management of degenerative diseases including generation of skin equivalents for burn patients," said Dr. Mohanty.
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